Financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022

Table of contents

    Statement of management responsibility including internal control over financial reporting

    Responsibility for the integrity and objectivity of the accompanying financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022 and all information contained in these statements rests with the management of the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB). These financial statements have been prepared by management using the Government’s accounting policies which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards.

    Management is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of the information in these financial statements. Some of the information in the financial statements is based on management's best estimates and judgment and gives due consideration to materiality. To fulfill its accounting and reporting responsibilities, management maintains a set of accounts that provides a centralized record of the TSB's financial transactions. Financial information submitted in the preparation of the Public Accounts of Canada and included in the TSB's Departmental Results Report is consistent with these financial statements.

    Management is also responsible for maintaining an effective system of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) designed to provide reasonable assurance that financial information is reliable, that assets are safeguarded and that transactions are properly authorized and recorded in accordance with the Financial Administration Act and other applicable legislation, regulations, authorities and policies.

    Management seeks to ensure the objectivity and integrity of data in its financial statements through careful selection, training, and development of qualified staff; through organizational arrangements that provide appropriate divisions of responsibility; through communication programs aimed at ensuring that regulations, policies, standards, and managerial authorities are understood throughout the TSB and through conducting an annual risk-based assessment of the effectiveness of the system of ICFR.

    The system of ICFR is designed to mitigate risks to a reasonable level based on an on-going process to identify key risks, to assess effectiveness of associated key controls, and to make any necessary adjustments. The TSB is subject to periodic Core Control Audits performed by the Office of the Comptroller General and uses the results of such audits to comply with the Treasury Board Policy on Financial Management. A Core Control Audit was performed in 2012–13 by the Office of the Comptroller General of Canada.

    The Audit Report and related Management Action Plan are posted on the departmental website at http://www.bst-tsb.gc.ca/eng/divulgation-disclosure/index.html.

    The 2021–22 financial statements of the TSB have not been audited.

    The original version was signed by
    Kathleen Fox
    Chair

    Gatineau, Canada
    August 17, 2022

    The original version was signed by
    Luc Casault, CPA, CGA
    Chief Financial Officer

    Gatineau, Canada
    August 16, 2022

    Statement of financial position (unaudited) as at March 31 (in thousands of dollars)*

      2022 2021

    Liabilities

     

     

    Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (Note 4)

    3,151

    2,747

    Vacation pay and compensatory leave

    2,711

    2,924

    Employee future benefits (Note 5)

    770

    895

    Total liabilities

    6,632

    6,566

    Financial assets

     

     

    Due from Consolidated Revenue Fund

    2,427

    2,456

    Accounts receivable and advances (Note 6)

    157

    139

    Total financial assets

    2,584

    2,595

    Departmental net debt

    4,048

    3,971

    Non-financial assets

     

     

    Prepaid expenses

    21

    115

    Inventory

    83

    92

    Tangible capital assets (Note 7)

    6,239

    5,731

    Total non-financial assets

    6,343

    5,938

    Departmental net financial position

    2,295

    1,967

    * See Note 8: Contractual obligations

    * The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

    The original version was signed by
    Kathleen Fox
    Chair

    Gatineau, Canada
    August 17, 2022

    The original version was signed by
    Luc Casault, CPA, CGA
    Chief Financial Officer

    Gatineau, Canada
    August 16, 2022

    Statement of operations and departmental net financial position (unaudited) for the year ended March 31 (in thousands of dollars)*

      2022 Planned results 2022 2021

    Expenses

     

     

    Independent safety investigations and communication of risks in the transportation system 

    31,961

    32,556

    32,935

    Internal services

    7,990

    7,610

    7,271

    Total expenses 

    39,951

    40,166

    40,206

    Revenues

     

     

    Miscellaneous revenues

    35

    16

    13

    Total revenues 

    35

    16

    13

    Net cost of operations before government funding and transfers 

    39,916

    40,150

    40,193

    Government funding and transfers

     

     

     

    Net cash provided by Government

     

    35,850

    38,023

    Change in due from Consolidated Revenue Fund

     

    (29)

    (1,797)

    Transfer of salary overpayments to other government departments

     

                1

    -

    Services provided without charge by other government departments (Note 9)

     

    4,656

    4,541

    Total Government funding and transfers

     

    40,478

    40,767

    Net cost of operations after government funding and transfers

     

    (328)

    (574)

    Departmental net financial position - Beginning of year

     

    1,967

    1,393

    Departmental net financial position - End of year

     

    2,295

    1,967

    * * See Note 10: Segmented information

    * The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

    Statement of change in departmental net debt (unaudited) for the year ended March 31 (in thousands of dollars)*

      2022 2021

    Net cost of operations after government funding and transfers

    (328)

    (574)

    Change due to tangible capital assets

     

     

    Acquisition of tangible capital assets

    1,835

    2,166

    Amortization of tangible capital assets

    (1,327)

    (1,130)

    Proceeds from disposal of tangible capital assets

    (4)

    (24)

    Gain on disposal of tangible capital assets

    4

    13

    Total change due to tangible capital assets

    508

    1,025

    Change due to prepaid expenses

    (94)

    73

    Change due to inventory

    (9)

    (30)

    Net increase in departmental net debt

    77

    494

    Departmental net debt - Beginning of year

    3,971

    3,477

    Departmental net debt - End of year

    4,048

    3,971

    * The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

    Statement of cash flows (unaudited) for the year ended March 31 (in thousands of dollars)*

      2022 2021

    Operating activities

     

     

    Net cost of operations before government funding

    40,150

    40,193

    Non-cash items:

     

     

    Amortization of tangible capital assets

    (1,327)

    (1,130)

    Gain on disposal of tangible capital assets

    4

    13

    Services provided without charge by other government departments (Note 9)

    (4,656)

    (4,541)

    Transfer of salary overpayments to other governments departments

    (1)

    -

    Variations in Statement of Financial Position:

     

     

    Increase (decrease) in accounts receivable and advances

    18

    (241)

    (Decrease) increase in prepaid expenses

    (94)

    73

    (Decrease) in inventory

    (9)

    (30)

    (Increase) decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

    (404)

    2,286

    Decrease (increase) in vacation pay and compensatory leave

    213

    (943)

    Decrease in employee future benefits

    125

    201

    Cash used in operating activities

    34,019

    35,881

    Capital investing activities

     

     

    Acquisitions of tangible capital assets

    1,835

    2,166

    Proceeds from disposal of tangible capital assets

    (4)

    (24)

    Cash used in capital investing activities

    1,831

    2,142

    Net cash provided by Government of Canada

    35,850

    38,023

    * The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

    Notes to the financial statements (unaudited) for the year ended March 31

    Note 1: Authority and objectives

    The Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board (CTAISB) was established in 1990 under the Canadian Transportation Accident Investigation and Safety Board Act and is a departmental corporation named in Schedule II to the Financial Administration Act. In its day-to-day activities the CTAISB is also known by the name Transportation Safety Board of Canada, or simply the TSB. The objective of the TSB is to advance transportation safety. It seeks to identify safety deficiencies in transportation occurrences and to make recommendations designed to eliminate or reduce any such safety deficiencies. In addition to investigations, including where necessary public inquiries into selected occurrences, the TSB may conduct studies into more general matters pertaining to transportation safety. The TSB has the exclusive authority to make findings as to causes and contributing factors when it investigates a transportation occurrence.

    The TSB has the following four key programs to support the "independent safety investigations and communication of risks in the transportation system" core responsibility:

    • Aviation Occurrence Investigations
    • Marine Occurrence Investigations
    • Rail Occurrence Investigations
    • Pipeline Occurrence Investigations

    Within each program, personnel conduct independent safety investigations into selected transportation occurrences. They identify causes and contributing factors, assess risks to the system, formulate recommendations to improve safety, publish investigation reports, communicate safety information to stakeholders, undertake outreach activities with key change agents, as well as assess and follow up on responses to recommendations. These activities are carried out by highly qualified investigators who are experts in the transportation operational sectors. They also work closely with personnel who are responsible for executing specialized work in the following fields: engineering and technical, macro-analysis, human performance and communications.

    The Internal services program also contributes to the achievement of TSB’s strategic outcome. This program includes the functions and resources required to support the needs of the programs of the four transportation modes and to meet the department’s corporate obligations in areas such as human resources, finance, administration, communications, information management and information technology.

    Note 2: Summary of significant accounting policies

    The financial statements have been prepared using the Government’s accounting policies stated below, which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards. The presentation and results using the stated accounting policies do not result in any significant differences from Canadian public sector accounting standards.

    Significant accounting policies are as follows:

    (a) Parliamentary authorities

    The TSB is financed by the Government of Canada through Parliamentary authorities. Financial reporting of authorities provided to the TSB does not parallel financial reporting according to generally accepted accounting principles since authorities are primarily based on cash flow requirements. Consequently, items recognized in the Statement of Financial Position and the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position are not necessarily the same as those provided through authorities from Parliament. Note 3 provides a reconciliation between the two bases of reporting. The planned results amounts in the “Expenses” and “Revenues” sections of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position are the amounts reported in the Future-oriented Statement of Operations included in the 2021–22 Departmental Plan. Planned results are not presented in the “Government funding and transfers” section of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and in the Statement of Change in Departmental Net Debt because these amounts were not included in the 2021–22 Departmental Plan.

    (b) Net cash provided by Government

    The TSB operates within the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF), which is administered by the Receiver General of Canada. All cash received by the TSB is deposited to the CRF and all cash disbursements made by the TSB are paid from the CRF. The net cash provided by Government is the difference between all cash receipts and all cash disbursements, including transactions between departments of the Government

    (c) Due from the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF)

    Amounts due from the CRF are the result of timing differences at year-end between when a transaction affects authorities and when it is processed through the CRF. Amounts due from the CRF represents the net amount of cash that the TSB is entitled to draw from the CRF without further authorities to discharge its liabilities.

    (d) Revenues

    Revenues are accounted for in the period in which the underlying transaction or event occurred that gave rise to the revenue takes place.

    (e) Expenses

    Expenses are recorded on an accrual basis:

    • Vacation pay and compensatory leave are accrued as the benefits are earned by employees under their respective terms of employment.
    • Services provided without charge by other government departments for accommodation, workers' compensation, the employer’s contribution to health and dental insurance plans are recorded as operating expenses at their estimated cost.

    (f) Employee future benefits

    • Pension benefits: Eligible employees participate in the Public Service Pension Plan, a multi-employer pension plan administered by the Government. The TSB's contributions to the Plan are charged to expenses in the year incurred and represent the total TSB obligation to the Plan. The TSB’s responsibility with regard to the Plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the financial statements of the Government of Canada, as the Plan’s sponsor.
    • Severance benefits: The accumulation of severance benefits for voluntary departures ceased for applicable employee groups. The remaining obligation for employees who did not withdraw benefits is calculated using information derived from the results of the actuarially determined liability for employee severance benefits for the Government as a whole.

    (g) Accounts receivable and advances

    Accounts receivables and advances are stated at the lower of cost and net recoverable value.

    (h) Contingent liabilities

    Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities that may become actual liabilities when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. To the extent that the future event is likely to occur or fail to occur, and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made, an estimated liability is accrued and an expense recorded. If the likelihood is not determinable or if an amount cannot be reasonably estimated, the contingency is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

    (i) Inventory

    Inventories consist of personal protective clothing, corporate communications clothing and supplies held for future program delivery and not intended for resale. Inventory is valued at cost using the average cost method. If there is no longer any service potential, inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

    (j) Tangible capital assets

    All tangible capital assets having an initial cost of $5,000 or more are recorded at their acquisition cost. In addition, acquisitions of all informatics hardware are recorded as tangible capital assets regardless of their acquisition cost.

    Amortization of tangible capital assets is done on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:

    Capital assets class Amortization period

    Building

    40 years

    Furniture

    10 years

    Office equipment and tools

    5 years

    Laboratory equipment

    15 years

    Informatics hardware

    4 years

    Informatics software - Purchased

    7 years

    Informatics software - Developed in-house

    10 years

    Motor vehicles

    7 years

    Other vehicles

    15 years

    Leasehold improvements

    Lesser of the remaining term of the lease or useful life of the improvement.

    Betterments

    Over the useful life of the asset to which the improvement was made or the useful life of the betterment if significantly shorter.

    Assets under construction are recorded in the applicable capital asset class in the year that they become available for use and are not amortized until they become available for use.

    (k) Measurement uncertainty

    The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements. At the time of preparation of these statements, management believes the estimates and assumptions to be reasonable. The most significant items where estimates are used are the useful life of tangible capital assets and the liability for employee future benefits. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimated. Management’s estimates are reviewed periodically and, as adjustments become necessary, they are recorded in the financial statements in the year they become known.

    (l) Related party transactions

    Related party transactions, other than inter-entity transactions, are recorded at the exchange amount. Inter-entity transactions are transactions between commonly controlled entities. Inter-entity transactions, other than restructuring transactions, are recorded on a gross basis and are measured at the carrying amount, except for the following:

    1. Services provided on a recovery basis are recognized as revenues and expenses on a gross basis and measured at the exchange amount.
    2. Certain services received on a without charge basis are recorded for departmental financial statement purposes at the carrying amount.

    Note 3: Parliamentary authorities

    The TSB receives most of its funding through annual parliamentary authorities. Items recognized in the Statement of Financial Position and the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position in one year may be funded through parliamentary authorities in prior, current or future years. Accordingly, the TSB has different net results of operations for the year on a government funding basis than on an accrual accounting basis. The differences are reconciled in the following tables:

    (a) Reconciliation of net cost of operations to current year authorities used (in thousands of dollars)

      2022 2021

    Net cost of operations before government funding 

    40,150

    40,193

    Adjustments for items affecting net cost of operations but not affecting authorities:

     

    Services provided without charge by other government departments 

    (4,656)

    (4,541)

    Amortization of tangible capital assets

    (1,327)

    (1,130)

    Gain on disposal of tangible capital assets

    4

    13

    Decrease (increase) in vacation pay and compensatory leave

    213

    (943)

    Decrease in employee future benefits

    125

    201

    (Increase) decrease accrual for unratified collective agreements

    (409)

    281

    Refund of previous years' expenses

    28

    68

    Revenues

    16

    13

    Increase in accrued liabilities not charged to authorities

    65

    34

     Total items affecting net cost of operations but not affecting authorities

    (5,941)

    (6,004)

    Adjustments for items not affecting net cost of operations but affecting authorities:

     

    Acquisitions of tangible capital assets

    1,835

    2,166

    Proceeds from disposal of tangible capital assets

    (4)

    (24)

    (Decrease) increase in prepaid expenses

    (94)

    73

    (Decrease) in inventory

    (9)

    (30)

    Total items not affecting net cost of operations but affecting authorities

    1,728

    2,185

    Current year authorities used

    35,937

    36,374

    (b) Authorities provided and used (in thousands of dollars)

      2022 2021

    Authorities provided:

     

     

    Operating expenditures - Vote 1

    31,772

    30,363

    Transfer from TB - Vote 10 - Government-wide Initiatives

    25

    17

    Transfer from TB - Vote 15 - Compensation adjustments

    242

    2,075

    Transfer from TB - Vote 25 - Operating Budget Carry Forward

    1,295

    974

    Transfer from TB - Vote 30 - Paylist requirements

    120

    -

    Statutory contributions to employee benefit plans 

    3,740

    3,948

    Statutory spending of proceeds from disposal of surplus Crown assets

    28

    75

    Spending of revenues as per Financial Administration Act Section 29.1

    16

    13

    Less:

     

     

    Authorities available for future years

    (4)

    (24)

    Lapsed: Operating 

    (1,297)

    (1,067)

    Current year authorities used

    35,937

    36,374

    Note 4: Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

    Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (in thousands of dollars)
      2022 2021

    Accounts payable to other government departments and agencies

    162

    624

    Accounts payable to external parties

    720

    1

    Total accounts payable

    882

    625

    Accrued liabilities

    2,269

    2,122

    Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities

    3,151

    2,747

    Note 5: Employee future benefits

    (a) Pension benefits

    The TSB's employees participate in the public service pension plan (the “Plan”), which is sponsored and administered by the Government of Canada. Pension benefits accrue up to a maximum period of 35 years at a rate of 2 percent per year of pensionable service, times the average of the best five consecutive years of earnings. The benefits are integrated with Canada/Québec Pension Plan benefits and they are indexed to inflation.

    Both the employees and the TSB contribute to the cost of the Plan. Due to the amendment of the Public Service Superannuation Act following the implementation of provisions related to Economic Action Plan 2012, employee contributors have been divided into two groups: Group 1 relates to existing plan members as of December 31, 2012, and Group 2 relates to members joining the Plan as of January 1, 2013. Each group has a distinct contribution rate.

    The 2021–22 expense amounts to $2,527,107 ($2,693,749 in 2020-2021). For Group 1 members, the expense represents approximately 1.01 times (1.01 times in 2020–2021) the employee contributions and, for Group 2 members, approximately 1.00 times (1.00 times in 2020–2021) the employee contributions.

    The TSB's responsibility with regard to the Plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Government of Canada, as the Plan's sponsor.

    (b) Severance benefits

    The TSB provides severance benefits to its employees based on eligibility, years of service and salary at termination of employment. However, since 2011 the accumulation of severance benefits for voluntary departures progressively ceased for substantially all employees. Employees subject to these changes were given the option to be paid the full or partial value of benefits earned to date or collect the full or remaining value of benefits upon departure from the public service. By March 31, 2022 all settlements for immediate cash out were completed. Severance benefits are unfunded and, consequently, the outstanding obligation will be paid from future authorities.

    Changes in obligations (in thousands of dollars)
      2022 2021

    Accrued benefit obligation, beginning of year

    895

    1,096

    Expense for the year

    (77)

    (87)

    Benefits paid during the year

    (48)

    (114)

    Accrued benefit obligation, end of year

    770

    895

    Note 6: Accounts receivable and advances

    Accounts receivable and advances (in thousands of dollars)
      2022 2021

    Receivables from other government departments and agencies

    78

    62

    Receivables from external parties

    72

    68

    Employee advances

    7

    9

    Total accounts receivable and advances

    157

    139

    Note 7: Tangible capital assets

    Cost (in thousands of dollars)
      Opening balance Acquisitions Disposals and write-offs Adjustments Closing balance

    Building

    2,133

    -

    -

    -

    2,133

    Furniture

    298

    17

    -

    315

    Office equipment and tools

    819

    116

    -

    (96)

    839

    Laboratory equipment

    3,220

    64

    -

    96

    3,380

    Informatics hardware

    4,121

    273

    -

    -

    4,394

    Informatics software - Purchased

    873

    -

    745

    1,618

    Informatics software - Developed in-house

    7,299

    435

    -

    (745)

    6,989

    Motor vehicles

    566

    -

    -

    -

    566

    Other vehicles

    85

    -

    -

    -

    85

    Leasehold improvements

    749

    29

    -

    -

    778

    Betterments

    1,174

    -

    -

    -

    1,174

    Assets under construction 

    331

    901

    -

    -

    1,232

    Total

    21,668

    1,835

    -

    -

    23,503

    Accumulated amortization (in thousands of dollars)
      Opening balance Amortization Disposals and write-offs Closing balance 2022 Net book value 2021 Net book value

    Building

    2,108

    23

    -

    2,131

    2

    25

    Furniture

    99

    19

    -

    118

    197

    199

    Office equipment and tools

    236

    80

    -

    316

    523

    583

    Laboratory equipment

    2,566

    125

    -

    2,691

    689

    654

    Informatics hardware

    3,056

    493

    -

    3,549

    845

    1,065

    Informatics software - Purchased

    631

    75

    -

    706

    912

    242

    Informatics software - Developed in-house

    5,174

    385

    -

    5,559

    1,430

    2,125

    Motor vehicles

    225

    89

    -

    314

    252

    341

    Other vehicles

    85

    -

    -

    85

    -

    -

    Leasehold improvements

    744

    3

    -

    747

    31

    5

    Betterments

    1,013

    35

    -

    1,048

    126

    161

    Assets under construction

    -

    -

    -

    -

    1,232

    331

    Total

    15,937

    1,327

    -

    17,264

    6,239

    5,731

    Note 8: Contractual obligations

    The nature of the TSB's activities can result in some large multi-year contracts and obligations whereby the TSB will be obligated to make future payments when the services/goods are received. Significant contractual obligations that can be reasonably estimated are summarized as follows:

    Summary of significant contractual obligations (in thousands of dollars)
      2022–23 2023–24 2024–25 2025–26 2026–27 Total

    Acquisition of goods and services

    1,201

    813

    7

    4

    2

    2,027

    Note 9: Related party transactions

    The TSB is related as a result of common ownership to all Government of Canada departments, agencies and Crown corporations. The TSB enters into transactions with these entities in the normal course of business and on normal trade terms. Also, during the year, the TSB received services which were obtained without charge from other Government departments as disclosed below.

    a) Common services provided without charge by other government departments

    During the year, the TSB received without charge from other departments: accommodation, workers' compensation, the employer's contribution to health and dental insurance plans. These services without charge have been recognized in the TSB's Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position as follows:

    Common services provided without charge by other government departments (in thousands of dollars)
      2022 2021

    Accommodation

    2,195

    2,222

    Employer's contribution to the health and dental insurance plans

    2,459

    2,317

    Workers' compensation

    2

    2

    Total

    4,656

    4,541

    The Government has centralized some of its administrative activities for efficiency, cost-effectiveness purposes and economic delivery of programs to the public so that one department performs services for all other departments and agencies without charge. The costs of these services, such as the payroll and cheque issuance services provided by Public Services and Procurement Canada, are not included as an expense in the TSB's Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position.

    (b) Other transactions with other government departments and agencies (in thousands of dollars)

      2022 2021

    Expenses - Other Government departments and agencies

    6,670

    5,543

    Revenues - Other Government departments and agencies

    4

    2

    Expenses and revenues disclosed in (b) exclude common services provided without charge, which are already disclosed in (a).

    Note 10: Segmented information

    Presentation by segment is based on the TSB's core responsibility. The presentation by segment is based on the same accounting policies as described in the Summary of significant accounting policies in Note 2.

    Expenses incurred and revenues generated for the core responsibility, by major object of expense and by major type of revenue (in thousands of dollars)
      Independent safety investigations and communication of risks in the transportation system Internal services 2022 2021

    Operating Expenses

     

     

     

     

    Salaries and employee benefits

    26,892

    5,226

    32,118

    33,184

    Professional and special services

    1,175

    853

    2,028

    1,755

    Accommodation

    1,835

    361

    2,196

    2,222

    Transportation and communications

    258

    300

    558

    463

    Amortization

    1,201

    126

    1,327

    1,130

    Repairs and maintenance

    339

    109

    448

    412

    Utilities, materials, supplies and equipment

    218

    105

    323

    406

    Rentals

    161

    456

    617

    452

    Information

    129

    13

    142

    186

    Other

    348

    61

    409

    (4)

    Total Operating Expenses

    32,556

    7,610

    40,166

    40,206

    Revenues

     

     

     

     

    Miscellaneous revenues

    16

    -

    16

    13

    Total revenues

    16

    -

    16

    13

    Net cost of operations before government funding

    32,540

    7,610

    40,150

    40,193

    Note 11: Subsequent events

    The outbreak of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has resulted in governments worldwide enacting emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. These measures, which include the implementation of travel bans, self-imposed quarantine periods and social distancing, have caused material disruption to businesses globally resulting in an economic slowdown.

    As such, the TSB's occurrence investigation operations have been impacted resulting in lower expenses mainly in the category of transportation and communication, and to a lesser degree, the category of professional and special services when compared to pre-pandemic years. Any possible future impacts on the TSB’s financial position and financial results in future periods are still to be determined.